instrumental learning

Blind piano-playing children have both advantages and disadvantages during their instrumental learning, Disadvantage is that they can not directly practicing with the musical notation; they have to spend more time than the average piano-playing children in learning a new song.

盲琴童在进行器乐学习时既有优势又有劣势。劣势在于他们不能直观地看着乐谱练习，在学习一首新的乐曲时他们要花费比普通琴童更多的时间先背谱，再练习。

There are mainly nine categories of learning motivation for Vietnamese students which is not professional in chinese: Instrumental motivation, Integrative motivation, Learning situation motivation, Social responsibility motivation, Information medium motivation, Language activity motivation, Interest motivation, Passive motivation, and Abroad motivation.

越南非汉语专业大学生的汉语学习动机主要分为九类：工具型动机、融合型动机、学习情景动机、社会责任动机、信息媒介动机、语言效价动机、兴趣动机、被动型动机和出国动机。

The third and final type of learning is known as operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning.

第三种，也是最后一种学习类型，叫做作操作性条件作用，或是工具性条件作用。

Co-establishing Training Base Based on Cooperation between School and Enterprise to Perfect the Working and Learning Alternation Talent Fostering Mode secondary instrumental conditioning

校企合作共建实训基地完善工学交替育人模式次级工具式交替学习